This report, commissioned by the Global Cultural Districts Network (GCDN) and written by Professor Geoffrey Crossick analyses the different ways social impact is defined; draws out current good practice, highlighting gaps and challenges; and suggests a framework and principles for future action. We hope it will galvanize districts to reflect further on current approaches and join up where appropriate to share knowledge and practice. This is intended to be the first part of a deeper GCDN enquiry into districts and impact which requires better indicators, pooled resources and a wider set of partners and collaborators. We know there is much to learn from existing initiatives, from the cultural sector and beyond, and look forward to working together on this and contributing to a better body of policy and practice for more successful communities and cities.